The patient’s journey:
From the first symptoms
to recovery
If you have noticed changes in your testicles, it is natural to have questions and concerns. Our “Patient Journey” will give you an overview of the individual steps—from self-examination, to visiting a urologist, to diagnosis, treatment, and returning to normal life. Find out what to expect and prepare for each step with confidence.
The patient’s journey step by step
Self-examination:
The first step to an early diagnosis
Regularly examining yourself once a month is the best way to detect changes early. It only takes a few minutes and could determine your future. Warning signs include lumps, hardening or enlargement of the testicles, and pain in the lower abdomen.
If you notice anything unusual, make an appointment to see a urologist without delay.
Visit to the urologist:
A key step in diagnosis
The urologist will perform a clinical examination by palpation and ultrasound, and will also take a blood sample to test for tumor markers – substances that may indicate the presence of a tumor. If the results confirm the suspicion, you will be referred for further tests. The earlier cancer is diagnosed, the greater the chance of a complete cure.
Sperm freezing:
Preparing for the future
If surgery is necessary, patients are advised of the option of freezing their sperm. This is a preventive measure, as there is minimal risk of fertility loss when one testicle is removed.
✅ Visit to a specialized clinic (takes less than an hour)
✅ Professional examination of sperm quality.
✅ Sperm freezing for a period of 12 months (with the possibility of extension).
✅ Priority treatment for cancer patients.
Surgery:
Removal of the tumor
The main treatment method for testicular cancer is surgical removal of the affected testicle – orchiectomy. In the vast majority of cases, the surgery itself does not affect hormonal balance or sexual health. If necessary, an artificial testicle can be implanted.
✅ The operation takes 1–1.5 hours.
✅ Hospitalization usually lasts 2–3 days.
✅ The removed testicle is then sent for histological analysis.
After surgery:
Diagnostics and further examinations
After the procedure, doctors perform further tests to determine whether the disease has spread. Based on the results, the next steps are determined – active monitoring or further treatment.
The examinations include:
✅ Blood sampling to check for tumor markers.
✅ CT scan to detect possible metastases.
✅ Tumor analysis (histology), which takes approximately 2–3 weeks.
Consultation with an oncologist:
Treatment plan
Approximately 2–3 weeks after surgery, the patient will have a consultation with an oncologist. The doctor will decide on further treatment based on the results of the CT scan and histology. Each case is individual, so it is important to ask questions and inquire about all options.
Possible scenarios:
- No further treatment is necessary; the patient continues to be monitored regularly.
- Chemotherapy is required if the cancer has spread to other organs.
- Surgical removal of lymph nodes if the disease has spread.
Treatment and regular monitoring
in specialized centers
Treatment is adjusted according to the stage of the disease:
✅ Active monitoring – regular check-ups every 2–4 months for the first few years after surgery.
✅ Chemotherapy – if the tumor has spread beyond the testicle.
✅ Further surgical treatment – if it is necessary to remove the affected lymph nodes.
After completing treatment, the patient remains under lifelong medical supervision.”
„A return to normal life is possible.
Most men lead a full life without
significant limitations after treatment.“
Assoc. prof. Katarina Rejlekova, MD, PhD.
Reintegration:
Returning to life
After treatment, patients may have many questions about their health, work or mental well-being. Here are the most common topics:
Fertility
and parenthood
Removal of one testicle does not usually result in loss of fertility. Chemotherapy may temporarily affect sperm quality, with only a small proportion of patients experiencing permanent damage.
Sexual
health
A small proportion of patients may experience a decrease in testosterone levels. However, with appropriate replacement therapy, there is usually no deterioration in libido or erection, and sexual function is maintained.
Work
and everyday life
The patient is not obliged to inform their employer about the diagnosis. You can find more useful information under the Helpful Links section at the bottom of this page.
Risk
of recurrence
The highest risk of recurrence is in the first 1–2 years after treatment. Regular check-ups help to detect any changes early on.
Download the complete guide
The brochure contains detailed information on diagnosis, treatment, and recovery, links to important resources, and contact details for specialists. Everything you need to know in one place.
f you need support after treatment or have concerns about your mental well-being, speaking with a professional can be very helpful.
Many non-profit organisations can connect you with psychologists who specialise in supporting people affected by cancer. We encourage you to visit their websites and reach out if you feel the need — seeking help early is always better than leaving concerns unaddressed.
Helpful links
Please note that local organizations / NGOs in your country may offer support tailored to your specific needs. The links below are provided as general guidance and potential sources to help you find relevant information and support.
Useful, expert-reviewed patient guides (A-Z) for both families, carers and patients. | esmo.org
One-on-one cancer support for cancer fighters, survivors, previvors and caregivers. The organisation connects people with similar experiences. | imermanangels.org
A major UK charity offering free advice on health / social benefits, work, and rights, as well as practical, emotional, and social support for cancer patients. | macmillan.org.uk