As we know, testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men and often occurs between the ages of 15 and 40. It is one of the few cancers with a high cure rate (over 95%) when detected early.

However, the fact that the disease can affect fertility even before it is detected is little known to most people.

Can fertility be affected even before diagnosis?

Yes. Many men (almost half) who are later diagnosed with testicular cancer are found to have impaired sperm parameters before any treatment, such as a lower sperm count (oligozoospermia) or reduced motility. This reduced fertility may be present before the man notices other symptoms of the disease (Source: PMC).

Some studies even show that men with testicular cancer are more likely to have low sperm counts and a higher probability of being diagnosed with infertility before diagnosis compared to healthy men (Source: Springer).

There are also theories that shared developmental factors — such as testicular dysgenesis syndrome — may be associated not only with lower fertility but also with a higher risk of testicular cancer (Source: Translational Andrology and Urology).

Infertility is not a diagnosis, but it can be a sign

It is important to emphasize that infertility itself does not mean testicular cancer. Many men have fertility problems unrelated to cancer.

However, if infertility occurs along with other symptoms—such as a lump, change in testicle size, etc.—it is wise to consult your urologist about these changes as soon as possible.

Awareness and prevention through ZvH (Health in Hands)

Health in Hands emphasizes the importance of regular monthly self-examination of the testicles as a simple tool for detecting any changes in the early stages of testicular cancer.

In addition, there are options for cryopreservation (freezing) of sperm prior to treatment, which can significantly help preserve fertility for the future and which the Health in Hands team recommends.

All the necessary information can be found on our website in the sections “About Testicular Cancer” and “The Patient’s Journey“.

We will also be happy to provide you with more detailed information on specific questions at spolocne@zdravievhrsti.sk.